Analysis of Facial Emotion Recognition with Various Techniques
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/join.v11i1.1674Keywords:
Convolutional Neural Network, Facial Emotion Recognition, Image Acquisition, Prediction AccuracyAbstract
Facial emotion recognition (FER) is a prominent investigation area in computer vision and affective computing. It involves the automatic detection and analysis of human emotions based on facial expressions. The current work offers a broad analysis of the present state-of-the-art approaches, methodologies, and challenges in facial emotion recognition. The paper explores the various components involved in FER, including face detection, feature extraction, classification algorithms, and datasets. Additionally, it discusses the applications, limitations, and future directions of FER research. The aim of this research is to utilize Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) as an advancing technique with considerable ramifications across multiple sectors. Contemporary facial emotion recognition (FER) research extensively employs deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). To enhance the performance of the FER system, attempt various feature extraction strategies, model designs, and hyper-parameter setups. Advancements in deep learning and computer vision techniques have considerably enhanced the precision and efficacy of FER systems, allowing for the accurate detection and classification of emotions from facial expressions. Facial Emotion Recognition has advanced considerably in the precise identification and interpretation of emotions conveyed through facial expressions. Ongoing research and innovation in FER could transform multiple fields, including human-computer interface, healthcare diagnostics, market research, and beyond.
References
[1] A. Ezquerra, F. Agen, R. B. Toma, and I. Ezquerra-Romano, “Using facial emotion recognition to research emotional phases in an inquiry-based science activity,” Research in Science & Technological Education, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 62-85, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2023.2232995
[2] A. Wyman, and Z. Zhang, “A Tutorial on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools for Facial Emotion Recognition in R,” Multivariate Behavioral Research, pp. 1-15, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2025.2455497
[3] Li, S. “Application of entertainment e-learning mode based on genetic algorithm and facial emotion recognition in environmental art and design courses,” Entertainment Computing, vol. 52, p. 100798, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2024.100798
[4] B. C. Ko, “A brief review of facial emotion recognition based on visual information,” sensors, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 401, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020401
[5] D. K. Jain, P. Shamsolmoali, and P. Sehdev, “Extended deep neural network for facial emotion recognition,” Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 120, pp. 69-74, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2019.01.008
[6] M. Pourmirzaei, G. A. Montazer, and E. Mousavi, “ATTENDEE: an AffecTive Tutoring system based on facial EmotioN recognition and heaD posE Estimation to personalize e-learning environment,” Journal of Computers in Education, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 65-92, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-023-00303-w
[7] L. Collin, J. Bindra, M. Raju, C. Gillberg, and H. Minnis, H, “Facial emotion recognition in child psychiatry: a systematic review. Research in developmental disabilities,” vol. 34, no. 5, pp.1505-1520, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.008
[8] S. Ravindran, and S. Rajagopalan, “PNasFH-Net: Pyramid neural architecture search forward network for facial emotion recognition in uncontrolled and pose variant environment,” Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 310, p. 112944, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112944
[9] Y. Gan, L. Xu, S. Song, and X. Tao, “Context transformer with multiscale fusion for robust facial emotion recognition,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 111720, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2025.111720
[10] T. Khan, M. Yasir, and C. Choi, “Attention-enhanced optimized deep ensemble network for effective facial emotion recognition,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 119, pp. 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.078
[11] S. A. Salloum, K. M Alomari, A. M. Alfaisal, R. A. Aljanada, and A. Basiouni, “Emotion recognition for enhanced learning: using AI to detect students’ emotions and adjust teaching methods,” Smart Learning Environments, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 21, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00374-5
[12] I. Munoko, H. L. Brown-Liburd, and M. Vasarhelyi, “The ethical implications of using artificial intelligence in auditing,” Journal of business ethics, vol. 167, no. 2, pp. 209-234, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04407-1
[13] F. Z. Canal, T. R. Müller, J. C. Matias, G. G. Scotton, A. R. de Sa Junior, E. Pozzebon, and A. C. Sobieranski, “A survey on facial emotion recognition techniques: A state-of-the-art literature review,” Information Sciences, vol. 582, pp. 593-617, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2021.10.005
[14] B. Devi, and M. M. S. J. Preetha, “Facial emotion recognition using convolutional neural network based krill head optimization,” Expert Systems, vol. 42, no. 1, e13376, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.13376
[15] S. R. Mohanta, and K. Veer, “Trends and challenges of image analysis in facial emotion recognition: a review,” Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, vol. 11, no. 1, p.35, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13721-022-00376-0
[16] A. Konar, and A. Chakraborty, “Emotion recognition: A pattern analysis approach,” John Wiley & Sons, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2019.8698067
[17] C. Suneetha, and R. Anitha, “Speech based emotion recognition by using a faster region-based convolutional neural network,” Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 84, no. 8, pp. 5205-5237, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19004-2
[18] C. F. Hsu, S. P. K. Mudiyanselage, R. Agustina, and M. F. Lin, “Basic Emotion Detection Accuracy Using Artificial Intelligence Approaches in Facial Emotions Recognition System: A Systematic Review,” Applied Soft Computing, vol. 112867, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2025.112867
[19] A. Saxena, A. Khanna, and D. Gupta, “Emotion recognition and detection methods: A comprehensive survey,” Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 53-79, 2020. https://doi.org/10.33969/AIS.2020.21005
[20] E. Boitel, A. Mohasseb, and E. Haig, “MIST: Multimodal emotion recognition using DeBERTa for text, Semi-CNN for speech, ResNet-50 for facial, and 3D-CNN for motion analysis,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 270, p. 126236, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.126236
[21] S. Kumar, A. Kumar, N. Parashar, J. Moolchandani, A. Saini, R. Kumar, M. Yadav., K. Singh, and Y. Mena,“An Optimal Filter Selection on Grey Scale Image for De-Noising by using Fuzzy Technique”, Int. J. Intell. Syst. Appl. Eng., vol. 12, no. 20s, pp. 322–330, 2024. https://ijisae.org/index.php/IJISAE/article/view/5143
[22] K. Singh, M. Yadav, S. Kumar, and B. Sobirov, B. “Pyramid Quantum Neural Network Based Resource Allocation with IoT: A Deep Learning Method,” Jurnal Online Informatika, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 143-152, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15575/join.v10i1.1578
[23] C. Juliandy, and N. P. Wong, “Modeling Face Detection Application Using Convolutional Neural Network and Face-API for Effective and Efficient Online Attendance Tracking,” Jurnal Online Informatika, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10-17, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15575/join.v9i1.1203
[24] M. Bansal, A. Goyal, and A. Choudhary, “A comparative analysis of K-nearest neighbor, genetic, support vector machine, decision tree, and long short term memory algorithms in machine learning,” Decision Analytics Journal, vol. 3, p.100071, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2022.100071
[25] A. R. Khan, “Facial emotion recognition using conventional machine learning and deep learning methods: current achievements, analysis and remaining challenges,” Information, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 268, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13060268
[26] K Sarvakar, R. Senkamalavalli, S. Raghavendra, J. S. Kumar, R. Manjunath, and S. Jaiswal, “Facial emotion recognition using convolutional neural networks,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 80, pp. 3560-3564, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.297
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Garima Sethi, Krishan Kant Sharma, Mohit Yadav, Khushwant Singh, Fernando Moreira

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
-
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License








